Übersetzte Kurzfassung:
In this dissertation, the influence of material parameters on the reflection of blast waves was investigated by analytical calculations. It was shown by the investigation of the reflection of blast waves at materials with low density and low stiffness, that the influence of the material parameters on the reflection coefficient is quite large. It was shown that materials with low density and low stiffness reduce on the one hand the reflected pressure in the blast wave, but on the other hand, they amplify the pressure on structural elements in some cases. Thereby, the material properties of the structural element have also a strong influence on the peak pressure at the structural element. If a blast wave hits directly a structural element, e.g. a reinforced concrete wall, then the structural element can mostly be assumed as a rigid body. But, when a material with low density and low stiffness is in front of this structural element, then this assumption is not valid anymore.
The reflection of a rarefaction wave in a closed shock tube was analytically calculated. Furthermore, the analytical solution of a pressure-time history was determined for a simple blast wave. The solutions of the analytical calculations can be used as a reference for convergence studies of numerical simulations.
Additionally, this dissertation gives a historical review of the development of the scientific knowledge of shock and blast waves back until the 17th century.